Толковый словарь английского языка Oxford English Reference - scratch
Scratch
scratch
v., n., & adj. --v. 1 tr. score or mark the surface of with a sharp or pointed object. 2 tr. a make a long narrow superficial wound in (the skin). b cause (a person or part of the body) to be scratched (scratched himself on the table). 3 tr. (also absol.) scrape without marking, esp. with the hand to relieve itching (stood there scratching). 4 tr. make or form by scratching. 5 tr. scribble; write hurriedly or awkwardly (scratched a quick reply; scratched a large A). 6 tr. (foll. by together, up, etc.) obtain (a thing) by scratching or with difficulty. 7 tr. (foll. by out, off, through) cancel or strike (out) with a pencil etc. 8 tr. (also absol.) withdraw (a competitor, candidate, etc.) from a race or competition. 9 intr. (often foll. by about, around, etc.) a scratch the ground etc. in search. b look around haphazardly (they were scratching about for evidence). --n. 1 a mark or wound made by scratching. 2 a sound of scratching. 3 a spell of scratching oneself. 4 colloq. a superficial wound. 5 a line from which competitors in a race (esp. those not receiving a handicap) start. 6 (in pl.) a disease of horses in which the pastern appears scratched. 7 sl. money. --attrib.adj. 1 collected by chance. 2 collected or made from whatever is available; heterogeneous (a scratch crew). 3 with no handicap given (a scratch race). Phrases and idioms from scratch 1 from the beginning. 2 without help or advantage. scratch along make a living etc. with difficulty. scratch one's head be perplexed. scratch my back and I will scratch yours 1 do me a favour and I will return it. 2 used in reference to mutual aid or flattery. scratch pad 1 esp. US a pad of paper for scribbling. 2 Computing a small fast memory for the temporary storage of data. scratch the surface deal with a matter only superficially. up to scratch up to the required standard. Derivatives scratcher n. Etymology: ME, prob. f. synonymous ME scrat & cratch, both of uncert. orig.: cf. MLG kratsen, OHG krazzon
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1.
I. verb Etymology: Middle English scracchen, probably blend of scratten to ~ and cracchen to ~ Date: 15th century transitive verb to scrape or dig with the claws or nails, to rub and tear or mark the surface of with something sharp or jagged, 3. to scrape or rub lightly (as to relieve itching), to act on (a desire), to scrape together ; collect with difficulty or by effort , to write or draw on a surface, 6. to cancel or erase by or as if by drawing a line through, to withdraw (an entry) from competition, scribble, scrawl, to scrape along a rough surface , intransitive verb to use the claws or nails in digging, tearing, or wounding, to scrape or rub oneself lightly (as to relieve itching), to gather money or make a living by hard work and especially through irregular means and sacrifice , 4. to make a thin grating sound, to produce a rhythmic ~ing sound by moving a phonograph record back and forth under a phonograph needle, to withdraw from a contest or engagement, to make a ~ in billiards or pool, ~er noun II. noun Date: circa 1586 a mark or injury produced by ~ing, scrawl, scribble, the sound made by ~ing, the starting line in a race, 5. a test of courage, satisfactory condition, level, or performance , a contestant whose name is withdrawn, poultry feed (as mixed grains) scattered on the litter or ground especially to induce birds to exercise, 8. a shot in billiards or pool that ends a player's turn, a shot that scores by chance ; fluke, money, funds, III. adjective Date: 1851 arranged or put together with little selection ; haphazard , made as or used for a tentative effort, made or done by chance and not as intended , having no handicap or allowance , made from ~ ; made with basic ingredients ...Толковый словарь английского языка
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